Grata

The era of modern cryptography really begins with Claude Shannon, possibly the father of mathematical cryptography. In 1949 he published an article Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems with Warren Weaver. This article, together with other of his works that created the Information Theory area, established a solid theoretical basis for cryptography and cryptanalysis. After that, almost all the work done on cryptography became secret, done by specialized governmental organizations (like the NSA in the United States). It wasn’t until the mid-1970s that things started to change.

In 1976 there were two major milestones in cryptography for the public. The first was the publication, by the American government, of DES (Data Encryption Standard), an open symmetric encryption algorithm, selected by NIST in a contest where a variant of the Lucifer algorithm, proposed by IBM, was chosen. DES was the first encryption algorithm openly made available to the market


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