iAlphaMed

Vertigo: Causes, Signs & Management

Vertigo is the sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving, even when you are still. It is usually caused by a problem in the inner ear or balance system, but less commonly it can come from the brain.

🟣 Common Causes

➟ Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) – brief spinning triggered by turning the head or changing position

➟ Vestibular neuritis – inflammation of the balance nerve, often causing sudden prolonged vertigo

➟ Labyrinthitis – inner-ear inflammation causing vertigo with hearing symptoms

➟ Ménière’s disease – episodes of vertigo with hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness

➟ Migraine can cause recurrent vertigo, sometimes without headache

➟ Less commonly, stroke or other neurological problems can cause vertigo

🟣 Common Signs and Symptoms

➟ Spinning or whirling sensation

➟ Loss of balance or unsteadiness

➟ Nausea or vomiting

➟ Symptoms may worsen with head movement

➟ Difficulty walking during an attack

➟ Sweating or feeling faint may occur

🟣 Signs Suggestive of BPPV

➟ Brief attacks lasting seconds to about a minute

➟ Triggered by rolling over in bed, looking up, or bending down

➟ No persistent weakness or speech difficulty

➟ Often treated with repositioning maneuvers such as the Epley maneuver

🟣 Ear-Related Symptoms

➟ Hearing loss

➟ Ringing in the ear, called tinnitus

➟ Pressure or fullness in one ear

➟ These symptoms may suggest Ménière’s disease or labyrinthitis

🟣 Management

➟ Sit or lie down when vertigo begins to prevent falls

➟ Move slowly and avoid sudden head movements

➟ Stay adequately hydrated

➟ BPPV often improves with specific canalith-repositioning maneuvers

➟ Short-term medicines may help severe nausea or vertigo in selected cases

➟ Vestibular rehabilitation exercises can help persistent balance problems

➟ Treatment should target the underlying cause

🟣 What to Avoid

➟ Driving or operating machinery during active vertigo

➟ Excess alcohol if it worsens symptoms

➟ Prolonged use of vestibular-suppressing medicines unless specifically advised, because they can slow balance recovery in some conditions

🟣 When to Seek Medical Help

➟ Vertigo keeps returning

➟ Symptoms last for hours or days

➟ Hearing loss or tinnitus develops

➟ Walking remains difficult after the spinning settles

➟ Vertigo begins after a head injury

🟣 When Urgent Medical Help Is Needed

➟ Vertigo with facial drooping, arm or leg weakness, or speech difficulty

➟ New double vision or severe loss of coordination

➟ Sudden severe headache

➟ Inability to stand or walk

➟ Fainting or loss of consciousness

➟ New vertigo with significant neurological symptoms may indicate stroke and requires emergency assessment

Medical disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. New, severe, persistent, or recurrent vertigo should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional.

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淚膜不是單層水溶液，而是由底層的黏液層、中間的水性層和外層的脂質層這三層組成。底層的黏液層將中間的水性層固定在本為疏水的角膜表面。水性層對潤滑和保護眼球表面非常重要，皆因它能沖走毒素和碎屑。外層的脂質層則能降低淚液蒸發的速度，從而維持淚膜的厚度。只有具備這些結構，淚膜才能牢固地附著在眼球表面。

眼睛笑知識：眼瞼邊緣出現混濁的膏狀、米白色油脂分泌物，究竟出現什麼毛病？
A. 眼瞼紅腫
B. 臉板腺阻塞
C. 瞼板腺囊腫
D. 生眼挑針

眼睛笑知識：多些認識眼睛的結構，幫助你如何保護珍貴的視力。

眼睛笑知識：
將手機螢幕亮度調到最高或舒適的光度。
在距離螢幕約一隻手臂的距離。遮住一隻眼睛，單獨測試另一隻眼睛，睇吓自己可以清楚睇到幾多個數字。

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