Vital Health Ghana

Complications

The excessive pressure on the artery walls caused by high blood pressure can damage blood vessels and body organs. The higher the blood pressure and the longer it goes uncontrolled, the greater the damage.

Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications including:

Heart Attack or Stroke
Eyes Problems
Kidney Problems
Aneurysm
Metabolic Syndrome
Heart Failure
Dementia
Changes with memory or understanding

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Risk factors of High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure has many risk factors, including:

Age. The risk of high blood pressure increases with age. Until about age 64, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after age 65.

Race. High blood pressure is particularly common among Black people. It develops at an earlier age in Black people than it does in white people.

Family history. You're more likely to develop high blood pressure if you have a parent or sibling with the condition.

Obesity or being overweight. Excess weight causes changes in the blood vessels, the kidneys and other parts of the body. These changes often increase blood pressure. Being overweight or having obesity also raises the risk of heart disease and its risk factors, such as high cholesterol.

Lack of exercise. Not exercising can cause weight gain. Increased weight raises the risk of high blood pressure. People who are inactive also tend to have higher heart rates.

To***co use or va**ng. Smoking, chewing to***co or va**ng immediately raises blood pressure for a short while. To***co smoking injures blood vessel walls and speeds up the process of hardening of the arteries. If you smoke, ask your care provider for strategies to help you quit.

Too much salt. A lot of salt — also called sodium — in the body can cause the body to retain fluid. This increases blood pressure.

Low potassium levels. Potassium helps balance the amount of salt in the body's cells. A proper balance of potassium is important for good heart health. Low potassium levels may be due to a lack of potassium in the diet or certain health conditions, including dehydration.

Drinking too much alcohol. Alcohol use has been linked with increased blood pressure, particularly in men.

Stress. High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure.

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Types of High blood pressure

There are two main types of high blood pressure.

Primary hypertension, also called essential hypertension

For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure is called primary hypertension or essential hypertension. It tends to develop gradually over many years. Plaque buildup in the arteries, called atherosclerosis, increases the risk of high blood pressure.

Secondary hypertension

This type of high blood pressure is caused by an underlying condition. It tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Conditions and medicines that can lead to secondary hypertension include:

Adrenal gland tumors

Blood vessel problems present at birth, also called congenital heart defects

Cough and cold medicines, some pain relievers, birth control pills, and other prescription drugs

Illegal drugs, such as co***ne and amphetamines

Kidney disease

Obstructive sleep apnea

Thyroid problems

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What causes high blood pressure?

High blood pressure usually develops over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting enough regular physical activity. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure. High blood pressure can also happen during pregnancy.

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Most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. You can have high blood pressure for years without any symptoms.

A few people with high blood pressure may have:

Headaches

Shortness of breath

Nosebleeds

However, these symptoms aren't specific. They usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.

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Categories of high blood pressure

Normal blood pressure. Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg or lower.

Elevated blood pressure. The top number ranges from 120 to 129 mm Hg and the bottom number is below, not above, 80 mm Hg.

Stage 1 hypertension. The top number ranges from 130 to 139 mm Hg or the bottom number is between 80 and 89 mm Hg.

Stage 2 hypertension. The top number is 140 mm Hg or higher or the bottom number is 90 mm Hg or higher.

Blood pressure higher than 180/120 mm Hg is considered a hypertensive emergency or crisis. Seek emergency medical help for anyone with these blood pressure numbers.

Untreated, high blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack, stroke and other serious health problems. It's important to have your blood pressure checked at least every two years starting at age 18. Some people need more-frequent checks.

Healthy lifestyle habits —such as not smoking, exercising and eating well — can help prevent and treat high blood pressure. Some people need medicine to treat high blood pressure.

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Hypertension

High blood pressure is a common condition that affects the body's arteries. It's also called hypertension. If you have high blood pressure, the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls is consistently too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In general, hypertension is a blood pressure reading of 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or higher.

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Symptoms and signs of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

Pain. Affected joints might hurt during or after movement.

Stiffness. Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive.

Tenderness. Your joint might feel tender when you apply light pressure to or near it.

Loss of flexibility. You might not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion.

Grating sensation. You might feel a grating sensation when you use the joint, and you might hear popping or crackling.

Bone spurs. These extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint.

Swelling. This might be caused by soft tissue inflammation around the joint

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OSTEOARTHRITIS

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time.

Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Osteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can't be reversed. Staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and receiving certain treatments might slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function.

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