Soap Making Recipes

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GAUGING SILICATE WITH HYDROMETER

I use two types of hydrometer in my quality control practice. The light and heavy.

Hydrometer used in to check concentration of caustic soda and soda ash are heavy type.

I use the light type to gauge the specific gravity of crude oil (petroleum), petrol, kerosine, and diesel.

Many chemical sellers adulterate sodium silicate by adding more water. This will create problem in soap, detergent powder, and syndet bar.

To gauge the level of silicate use light hydrometer. It should gauge at 40° to 50° Baume or above. Below this value indicates high level of dilution.

This is light range hydrometer. It reads specific gravity and baume

PRODUCTION OF SULPHONIC ACID

Let me share things about sulphonic acid that would be of importance to your business.

Sulphonic acid is known by many names: LABSA (Linear Alkylbenesulphonic Acid), Linear dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid, LAS, Acid slurry etc.

Many say to produce sulphonic acid use the following:

1. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate.
2. Sulpuric acid.

The above formulation is absolutely not correct. You use sulphonic acid to produce alkyl benzene sulphonate and not the other way round.

Reacting sulphonic acid with caustic soda gives a neutral product called alkyl benzene sulphonate. The reaction is exothermic (generates heat).

Formulation for sulphonic acid is:

1. Alkyl benzene (not sulphonate).
2. Sulphuric acid.

This is the closest means of producing sulphonic acid on the bench, perhaps for academic purpose.

In producing sulphonic acid acid factories use:

1. Benzene + alkyl (mostly C10 to C13). They do not buy this. They produce the alkyl from fractionating kerosene. This is the most profitable route.
2. Sulphur dioxide. Factories use sulphur dioxide not sulpuric acid to produce sulphonic acid. It will be unprofitable using sulphuric acid. Sulphur dioxide is raw material for making sulphuric acid. You cannot use finished products to make a product. You rather go for the primitive raw materials.

To use sulphonic acid in production of powder detergent, sludge/oil spill dispersant, rig wash, hair shampoo, car wash, liquid detergent etc you must properly neutralize it with calculated volume and concentration of alkali.

NANSA YS 94 brand of surfactant is neutralized sulphonic acid that has been dried.

Also note that many chemical vendors adulterate sulphonic acid by adding large amount of sulphuric acid. This gives a low grade surfactant that will not have high grease cutting power. Sulphonic acid is supposed to be at least 96% pure.

For those of us who are into or interested in the production of organic skin care products, I advice you have a garden or portion of land and grow aloe vera.

I can guide you on how to plant and care for it.

When it attains maturity after about 3 and 1/2 years you can now harvest.

1. You can either dry (not under the sun), crush the dried leaves into powder and store in airtight containers (glass, plastic, ceramic).

OR

2. Collect gel from the fresh leaves to make Aloe Vera Gel Base.

Aloe vera gel base can be sold to pharmaceuticals and those in the cosmetic industry.

Aloe Vera gel base is added in the formulation of a wide.range of products such as tooth paste, creams, balms, soaps, oils, and other skincare products.

You may go further to make Aloe Vera Gel from the Gel Base.

Take a step out of the box.
Good luck.

ISSUES IN FABRIC CONDITIONER, SOFTENER

The flakes is just an emul sifier and thickener. It is not softening as claimed by formulators. You can use anything like Cetyl alcohol, E-wax, P-wax, Croda wax. That is flakes.

The conditoner is what is doing the conditioning. This is same chemical used in hair conditioner. You can buy conditioning oil or dehyquart A. That is the name of the chemical.

Perfume is also one key thing customers look out for in fabric conditioner. Use as much as you can if they can pay. For this 25litres production you can add 200 ml of perfume or 300 ml. Combine nice fragrances like Vanilla, Banana, Tangerine, Orange, Pineapple, Apple. You can combine three.

Remember to add preservative.

Use sodium benzoate. You can add 125g in the 25 litre production.

THINGS TO NOTE ABOUT INSECTICIDES AND PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS

We have well formulated chemicals for effectively killing of mosquitoes, lizards, snakes, bedbugs, millipede and centipede, coackroaches, tick and lice, weevil, ant etc.

A good pesticide must have broadbase activity on pests - kill by contact, stomach acting, pe*******on of nervous system, cell deactivation and effect on respiratory system.

The following are to be noted about pest control chemicals:

1. All that kill insects and pests can kill human beings. Caution is absolutely demanded. Engage chemical experts only.
2. Always cover all food items before applying these chemicals.
3. Vacate atmosphere that these chemicals have been applied for at least 6 hours.
4. Do not use these chemicals frequently. Once a month is too much. Always opt for a clean environment. Clear bushes around you and use mosquito net.
5. Never treat box of clothes for babies with insecticides - not even camphor. Pregnant women should completely avoid pest chemicals environment.
6. An accommodation or office that has been fumigated should be cleaned and sanitized before re-entry.
7. Every insecticide and pest control you buy in the market, shops and roadside hoakers are extremely dangerous chemicals (including the ones we formulate) - the most effective, the most dangerous. Always heed to safety warning.
8. Be careful of candles that kill insects.
9. Most solid air fresheners have BTEX group of chemicals. This doesn't look good on your system over a long time. Go for ester based (perfume) air fresheners.
10. Wash your food items thoroughly - rice, beans, fruits - as all of them might have been treated with these chemicals.